We do not know how common rogue planets are in interstellar space.
Planets ejected from their systems may roam the galaxy unbound, affecting models of planet formation. Gravitational microlensing campaigns can constrain their population.
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Planets ejected from their systems may roam the galaxy unbound, affecting models of planet formation. Gravitational microlensing campaigns can constrain their population.
The Fermi paradox highlights tension between estimated probabilities and the lack of detected signals. Systematic, wide-band SETI and technosignature searches are needed.
Galaxies stop forming stars due to feedback and environment, but mechanisms vary. Surveys across environments and redshifts can clarify.
Timing and sources of reionization remain uncertain. 21cm experiments and high-z galaxy observations can map it.
Understanding how life originally formed from non-living chemicals informs where to look for life across the galaxy. Laboratory synthetic prebiotic chemistry and planetary sample analyses are required to settle this debate.
This mismatch is part of the evidence for dark matter, but the details of how it shapes galaxy rotation are still not fully worked out. A better model would sharpen our understanding of galaxy formation.
We've confirmed thousands of exoplanets, but identifying which ones could truly support life requires data we mostly don't have yet. A clearer count would refocus the search for life beyond Earth.