World Solve

While microgravity (0g) is well-studied, long-term multi-generational plant reproduction under lunar (0.16g) or Martian (0.38g) gravity is unverified. Long-term surface greenhouse experiments are urgently needed.

Living without normal gravity weakens astronauts' bones and muscles over time. Practical, affordable ways to simulate gravity in space stations remain mostly untested at scale.

Low gravity and different light conditions slow plant growth and change nutrient uptake in ways we don't fully understand yet. Solving this is essential for any long-duration space mission that needs fresh food.

The three-body problem famously resists the same clean, closed-form solutions available for two-body systems, and general long-term predictability for all such systems remains incompletely understood. This unresolved question connects pure mathematics directly to astrophysics.

Gravity should be pulling everything together over time, yet distant galaxies are accelerating away from each other. This mystery, blamed on dark energy, remains one of the biggest open questions in physics.

Growing crops in space or on other planets means dealing with low gravity, radiation, and limited water and soil. Without solving this, any permanent settlement beyond Earth stays dependent on costly resupply missions.

Gravity describes the large scale universe well, and quantum mechanics describes the tiny scale well, but the two don't fit together mathematically. A unified theory would finally explain what happens inside black holes and at the birth of the universe.

The absence of robust, context-adapted solutions for autonomous microgravity assembly of large habitats and infrastructure creates cascading risks across interconnected human and natural systems. Key missing elements include durable performance, low lifetime cost, and governance arrangements capable of sustaining impact beyond pilot stages.