World Solve

truth commissions remaining incomplete remains one of the most urgent challenges of our time. Systems currently in place are inadequate for the scale and complexity of the problem. A successful approach must work where resources are scarcest and demonstrate clear, measurable results. It should identify possible harms, respect local agency, and show how the solution can be maintained and expanded by the communities it is meant to serve.

Urban growth may require substantial new buildings while emissions from cement, steel, glass, and composites remain high. Future solutions must meet fire, earthquake, cost, maintenance, and cultural requirements. The solution must work with limited capital, intermittent services, and local maintenance capacity. The research opportunity is to define measurable success criteria, test the approach in realistic settings, identify failure modes, and create a pathway from prototype to accountable deployment.

The problem of air travel emissions remaining high continues to affect hundreds of millions of people and undermines progress on multiple Sustainable Development Goals. Existing responses remain fragmented, under-resourced and poorly adapted to local contexts. A strong solution must operate effectively under severe constraints of skilled personnel, infrastructure, electricity and connectivity. It should define clear measurable outcomes, identify possible unintended harms, and demonstrate how the intervention can be sustained by local institutions long after initial funding ends.

long-distance transport increasing emissions remains one of the most urgent challenges of our time. Systems currently in place are inadequate for the scale and complexity of the problem. A successful approach must work where resources are scarcest and demonstrate clear, measurable results. It should identify possible harms, respect local agency, and show how the solution can be maintained and expanded by the communities it is meant to serve.

Algorithmically designed foods may optimize cost, taste, shelf life, or emissions while neglecting long-term health and cultural acceptability. The challenge is creating transparent nutritional and ethical evaluation. Decisions must account for people who will inherit long-lived infrastructure, environmental changes, and institutional commitments. The research opportunity is to define measurable success criteria, test the approach in realistic settings, identify failure modes, and create a pathway from prototype to accountable deployment.

Algorithmically designed foods may optimize cost, taste, shelf life, or emissions while neglecting long-term health and cultural acceptability. The challenge is creating transparent nutritional and ethical evaluation. The problem cannot be solved by one jurisdiction because people, ecosystems, data, supply chains, or risks cross national boundaries. The research opportunity is to define measurable success criteria, test the approach in realistic settings, identify failure modes, and create a pathway from prototype to accountable deployment.

greenhouse gas emissions continuing to rise remains one of the most urgent challenges of our time. Systems currently in place are inadequate for the scale and complexity of the problem. A successful approach must work where resources are scarcest and demonstrate clear, measurable results. It should identify possible harms, respect local agency, and show how the solution can be maintained and expanded by the communities it is meant to serve.

Future missions beyond low Earth orbit will expose crews to radiation, isolation, altered gravity, communication delays, and limited emergency care. The open problem is developing autonomous health systems that remain safe under unknown conditions. The solution must work with limited capital, intermittent services, and local maintenance capacity. The research opportunity is to define measurable success criteria, test the approach in realistic settings, identify failure modes, and create a pathway from prototype to accountable deployment.

Addressing high vehicle emissions damaging health and climate is critical for achieving the 2030 Agenda. Current efforts fall short in scale, speed and equity, leaving the most vulnerable behind. Any viable solution must function in low-resource settings with limited specialists, transport, laboratory capacity and broadband. Proposals should specify quantifiable biological, social or environmental outcomes, openly discuss potential risks, and present a realistic pathway for long-term maintenance and local ownership beyond short research pilots.

Cell and gene therapies may deliver durable remissions but have complex safety profiles. Post-marketing registries and patient-reported outcome platforms can close knowledge gaps.

Cell and gene therapies may deliver durable remissions but have complex safety profiles. Post-marketing registries and patient-reported outcome platforms can close knowledge gaps.

Soot deposited on snow and ice reduces albedo, increasing absorption of solar radiation and melt rates. Emission-control technologies and monitoring frameworks can mitigate impacts.

Research, tourism, and fishing generate emissions and local effects that are not fully tracked or integrated into global accounting. Standardised carbon-footprint and mitigation-planning tools are needed.

Research, tourism, and fishing generate emissions and local effects that are not fully tracked or integrated into global accounting. Standardised carbon-footprint and mitigation-planning tools are needed.

Transport and industrial emissions continue to cause health burdens despite progress. Low-cost sensor networks and policy-impact simulators can guide clean-air strategies.

Transport and industrial emissions continue to cause health burdens despite progress. Low-cost sensor networks and policy-impact simulators can guide clean-air strategies.

Kepler and other missions have identified thousands of exoplanets, but we lack robust statistics on Earth-size worlds with stable climates and liquid water. Next-generation transit and direct-imaging missions must refine occurrence rates.

Moons like Europa and Enceladus may harbor oceans beneath ice, but we do not know their chemical gradients or energy sources. Cryobot and plume-sampling missions could test for conditions suitable for life.

Closed-loop ecological systems remain experimental and fragile, limiting long-duration missions and settlements. Iterative testing of regenerative life-support biomes is needed.

Loose aggregates behave differently from solid rock in impacts and mining. In situ missions and modeling can guide hazard mitigation and resource use.