World Solve

mRNA and vector-based technologies can shorten response times, but manufacturing capacity and regulatory agility must be built in advance. Global manufacturing networks and adaptive trial designs will matter.

mRNA and vector-based technologies can shorten response times, but manufacturing capacity and regulatory agility must be built in advance. Global manufacturing networks and adaptive trial designs will matter.

Kepler and other missions have identified thousands of exoplanets, but we lack robust statistics on Earth-size worlds with stable climates and liquid water. Next-generation transit and direct-imaging missions must refine occurrence rates.

We have detected a handful of mergers, but their cosmic history and diversity remain unclear. Next-generation detectors with wider frequency coverage can map the gravitational-wave background.

Oscillation experiments show mixing but leave ordering and scale uncertain. Next-generation beta-decay and cosmological probes can answer these questions.

Next-generation telescopes and gigawatt-scale space solar power arrays are too large to fit in single rocket fairings. Highly coordinated multi-robot assembly systems operating in microgravity need to be developed and standardized.

A host star is millions to billions of times brighter than a reflecting planet, blinding optical telescopes. Next-generation space interferometers and giant optical starshades are required to resolve exoplanet oceans and continents.

Current life support distillation systems build up volatile organics and salts, degrading filtration membranes quickly. Next-generation electrochemical and enzymatic water purification systems are needed.

Earth's shifting atmosphere blurs astronomical imagery, requiring expensive adaptive optics systems with limited fields of view. Next-generation artificial laser guide star arrays and photonic lanterns are needed.