World Solve

Grand unified theories predict proton decay, yet experiments have not observed it. Larger underground detectors and longer observation times are needed.

Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays’ origins remain unclear, challenging acceleration models. Distributed detector arrays and multi-messenger astronomy could identify sources.

General relativity governs massive scale gravity while quantum mechanics governs atomic scales, but they break down together at black hole singularities. Developing a unified Theory of Quantum Gravity is the holy grail of theoretical physics.

Seasonal crop burning, industrial emissions, and vehicle exhaust generate high concentrations of PM2.5 across the Indo-Gangetic Plain, shaving years off average life expectancy without unified cross-border environmental governance.

Developing Asian power grids are rapidly modernizing with digital telemetry but lack unified cybersecurity standards, exposing them to prolonged cyber grid shutdowns.

Personal information is scattered across emails, cloud drives, apps, and devices, with no single reliable way to search across all of it. A unified, private personal search tool remains unbuilt.

Some lower bounds on computational efficiency are proven for specific tasks, but a fully unified theory covering every possible algorithmic problem remains unresolved. This unresolved question shapes the outer limits of computer science.

Complex systems in nature and mathematics often arise from remarkably simple starting rules, yet no unified theory fully explains or predicts when and how this complexity will emerge. This unresolved question bridges mathematics, physics, and biology.

Self-referential paradoxes have challenged logicians for over a century, and while specific paradoxes have been addressed with targeted fixes, no single unified framework has resolved every possible version. This unresolved tension remains central to the foundations of mathematical logic.

Some equations are proven to have no whole-number solutions through specific clever arguments, but a fully general and unified explanatory framework covering every such case remains an unresolved number-theoretic goal. This continues to drive research into Diophantine equations.

Classical logic struggles with situations involving incomplete information or conflicting evidence, both common in the real world. A more flexible logical system could improve everything from AI reasoning to legal decision-making.

Gravity describes the large scale universe well, and quantum mechanics describes the tiny scale well, but the two don't fit together mathematically. A unified theory would finally explain what happens inside black holes and at the birth of the universe.